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CS403 SOLVED MCQs

 Which is not the function of Database Management System?

• A user accessible Catalog
• Concurrency Control Services
• Failure Response Service
• Support for Data Communication

 The conceptual database design can be transformed into any ________.

• Data model
• Database design
• E-R model
• Entity set

Which is the second stage in the database development process?

• Database design
• Preliminary Study
• Physical Design
• Requirement Analysis

Functional dependencies under interference rule reflexivity are called ________ dependencies.

• Augmentation
• Transitivity
• Projectivity
• Trivial

If many instances of the “Book” entity are associated with the many instances of the “Student” entity, then the relationship between them is:

• One to one
• One to many
• Many to many
• Many to one

Which of the following constraints enforces entity integrity?

1. PRIMARY KEY

• FOREIGN KEY
• CHECK
• NOT NULL

Unary operations involves

• Only one relation
• Only two relations
• More than two relations
• Not more than five relations

A _____ entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the relationship.

• Strong
• Weak

• o   Business
• Relationship

In ____________ appropriate data model is chosen.

• ERD
• Conceptual Database Design
• Logical Database Design
• DFA

            Which of the following is drawback of standardization?

• Difficult to understand
• Uniformity
• Lack of uniqueness
• Easy to develop applications

Recursive relationship is also called _______.

• Unary
• Ternary
• Primary
• Secondary

The foreign key attribute, which is present as a primary key in another relation is called as

_________ of the foreign key attribute.

• Binary relation
• Composite relation
• Home relation
• Recursive relation

DFD does not provide us a way to represent ________

• Entities
• Decisions
• Date stores
• Processes

A ________ is used to maintain a connection between the users of the database system.

• Virtual server
• File server
• Client server
• FTP server

Which of the following is an advantage of using the Traditional File Organization?

• Time consuming
• Data security
• Simplicity
• Efficiency

Which of the following is the input to Analysis Phase?

• DFD
• Logical database design
• Physical database design
• Data model

Name and _______ are part of the definitions of an attribute.

1. a.    Domain

• Symbol
• Property
• Entity instance

Which of the following most certainly implies the need for an entire table to implement?

• A ternary relationship
• A recursive relationship
• An identify relationship
• A binary relationship

Core of the Database Architecture is __________

• Internal level
• External level
• Conceptual level
• ANSI SPARK

_________ is same as equi-join with a slight difference.

• Natural join
• Semi join
• Outer join
• Theta join

Conceptual database design is implemented using a _______.

• Hierarchical data model
• Semantic data model
• Relational data model
• Network data model

Which constraint is generally used for efficiency purposes in the data entry process?

• Null value
• Integer value
• Default value
• String value

A 3 NF relation is converted to BCNF by

• Removing composite keys
• Removing multivalued dependencies
• Dependent attributes of overlapping composite keys are put in a separate relation
• Dependent non-key attributes are put in a separate table

Each _______ of a table contains atomic/single value.

• Cell
• Row
• Column
• Record

A relation is said to be in BCNF when

• It has overlapping composite keys
• It has no composite keys
• It has no multivalued dependencies
• It has no overlapping composite keys which have related attributes

Which one of the following is not a part of three-level architecture?

• External level
• Conceptual level
• Internal level
• Physical level

Which of the following is INCORRECT about naming entities?

• Singular nouns are used
• Write in capitals
• Organization specific names can be used
• Always use abbreviations as they are convenient

An instance is

• A particular occurance of an entity
• A special type of relation
• An attribute of an entity
• Any particular entity

_________ is an example of metadata

• Ali
• Address
• Person
• Student

Level of data at which entities or objects exist in reality is called

• Real world data
• Schema for real world data
• Meta data
• Data about data

There are __________ basic properties of the database relations.

• Four
• Three
• Six
• Two

How many types of dependencies are?

• One
• Two
• Three
• Four

In _______ join, only selected rows of a relation are made cross product with second relation.

• Normal
• Theta
• Outer
• Semi

Which of the following is not a key?

• Super key
• Alternate key
• Integrity constraint key
• o   Primary key

A collection of concepts that can be used to describe the structure of a database

• Database
• DBMS
• Data model
• Data

Any combination of attributes with super key is ____

• Primary key
• Foreign key
• Super key
• Candidate key

Binary relationships are those, which are established between

• One entity type
• Two entity type
• Three entity type
• Unlimited entities

_________ are called participants, when enrolled in a relationship.

• Attributes
• Relations
• Entities
• Keys

Incase of Context-level Diagram, the system is represented by

• One process atleast
• Two processes atleast
• One process only
• Any number of processes

Collection of raw facts is called ______.

• Information
• Object
• Output
• Data

A software package designed to store and manage database

• Database
• DBMS
• Data model
• Data

In _______ join common attributes appear twice in the output with selected rows.

• Normal join
• Semi join
• Natural join
• Equi join

Within a table, each primary key value ______.

• Is a minimal super key
• Is always the first field in each table
  • o   Must be numeric
• Must be unique

________ is not an operation of relational algebra.

• Addition
• Union
• Cartesian product
• Set difference

Candidate keys which are not selected as primary key are called ______

• Secondary keys
• Foreign keys
• Alternate keys
• Composite keys

Major benefits of data sharing is:

• Data of same applications placed at same place.
• Data of same applications placed at different places
• Data of different application places at same place
• Data of different applications stored at placed place

Functional dependency between two attributes or sets of attributes i.e. Q and P is represented as __________.

• Q → P
• Q   P
• Q * P
• Q + P

Which of the following is not the component of Relational Data Model?

• Integrity Constraint
• Manipulation Language
• Relation / Table
• Domain Constraint

The attribute that is calculated from other attribute is called _______.

• Derived attribute
• Multi-valued attribute
• Composite attribute
• Simple attribute

Consider the two attributes “CNIC_NO” and “Registration_NO”. Both the attributes can be used for the unique identification. Now if the user selects the “CNIC_NO” as primary key, then “Registration_NO” is a ____ key.

• Foreign
• Secondary
• Primary
• Alternative

Which of the following constraint is included in the definition of the table?

• Default value
• Foreign key
• Null
• o   Domain

The database deals with large amount of data. This property is called

• Database design
• Scalability
• Concurrency
• Robustness

Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of meta data?

• Data about data
• Describes a data dictionary
• Self-describing
• Includes user data

Theta join is denoted mathematically as ________.

• R X S
• R X
• R X   S
• RX  RS

In cross reference matrix transitions are specified on ______ and database objects are specified on _______.

• Y axis, X axis
• X axis, Y axis
• X axis, X axis
• Y axis, Y axis

Each component of DBMS performs _______ functions.

• Similar
• Different
• Identical
• Computational

Which of the following data model is not record based?

• Hierarchical Data Model
• Network Data model
• Semantic Data model
• Relational Data model

The basic purpose of diamond in ER diagram is to show the _________.

• Attributes
• Relationships
• Composite attribute
• Entity set

Which of the following tool is used to design conceptual database design?

• SQL
• MS Access
• Oracle
• This model is independent of any tool

In “one to many” cardinality one instance of a relation is mapped with _______.

• Many instances of second entity type
• o   One instance of second entity type
• Primary key of second relation
• Foreign key of second relation

Cross reference matrix is developed at the ______ stage of the database.

• Analysis
• Designing
• Implementation
• Application

The population of the data of the organization for which the database is created is called the

• _______ of the database.
• Extension
• Intension
• Model
• Schema

User rights information is stored in

• Physical database
• Catalog
• Logical database
• Buffer

Logical data independency provides independency to change ______ model.

• External
• Logical
• Conceptual
• Internal

In natural join the common attribute in the output table appears _______.

• Twice
• Three times
• Four times
• Once

Which levels are mostly used for detailed DFD?

• Level-0, Level-1
• Level-1, Level-2
• Level-2, Level-3
• Level-3, Level-4

By default, a non-key attribute in a relation can have ________ value.

• Binary
• Null
• Character
• Integer

The three levels architecture is useful for ________.

• Arranging the data in an organized manner
• Hiding the details of internal systems
• Breaking the data access restriction
• Storing definitions of the structures

With the help of _________ technique data values with the smaller sized codes can further

• reduce the space needed by the data for storage in the database.
• Compression
• Expansions
• Negation
• Extension

If an entity is linked with itself, than it is called _______ relationship.

• Binary
• Ternary
• Nary
• Recursive

Duplication of data in controlled redundancy is controlled and _______.

• Deliberate
• Necessary
• Precise
• Unintentional

Teleprocessing is a sub-type of ______.

• Single user database
• Multi-user database
• File server
• Client server

In an ERD, the focus is on the ______ and the relationships between them.

• Attributes
• Entities
• Keys
• Indexes

The most widely used conceptual model is the _____ model.

• Implementation
• ER
• Object oriented
• Internal

Student and book are two entities, what is the cardinality between the two?

• Many to one
• One to many
• Many to many
• One to one

RDM is a simple there is just one structure and that is ______.

• A relation or a table
• E-R model
• Attributes
• Data model

A description on a particular collection of data using the given data model.

• Database
  • Relation
  • o   Schema
• None

Consider thy key “CNIC, Name” and choose the best option that describes the key most effectively.

• The given key is a super key and alternate key.
• The given key is not a super key but a candidate key.
• The given key is a super key and candidate key as well.
• The given key is a super key but not a candidate key.

Normalization is a process of restricting a relation to

• Minimize duplication of data in a database
• Maximize duplication of data to ensure reliability
• Make if of uniform size
• Allow addition of data

Unary relationship involves a single entity it is also called _______.

• One to one relationship
• One to many relationship
• Many to many relationship
• Recursive relationship

Which of the following is a part of a DFD but not included in the ERD?

• The attribute having a single instance
• The external entity having a single instance
• The relationship having a single instance
• The role having a single instance

The database management system (DBMS) is used to

• Store the data
• Access the data
• Manage its users
• All of above

In cross reference matrix attributes are mention on ______ and reports are mention on

• _______.
• Y axis, X axis
• Y axis, Z axis
• X axis, Y axis
• X axis, Z axis

A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a ______.

• Hyper link
• Common attribute
• Primary key
• Super key

Data Redundancy means

• Security of data
• Duplication of data
• Management of data
• Recovery of data

Which of the following is a type of dependency?

• DBMS
• ERD
• DFD
• Referential

In your opinion, why relational database is widely acceptable?

• Due to its complexity
• Due to its approach
• Due to its dependencies
• Due to its strength

________ is the first comprehensive complete database design.

• Logical database design
• Relational database design
• Conceptual database design
• Hierarchical database design

How data security can be assured in the database?

• By hiding data from all
• Through concurrent access of users
• By asking users not to share things
• Implementing encryption algorithms

The attributes whose value is not stored in a database is known as ________ attribute.

• Stored
• Single value
• Multi value
• Derived

Logical database design, like conceptual database design is our __________

• Data model
• Weak entity set
• Strong entity set
• Database design

If a single instance of “student” is associated with the many instances of the “subjects” entity, then the relationship between them is:

• One to one
• One to many
• Many to many
• Many to one

The conceptual database design is drawn through _________.

• Data model
• ER model
• Database design
• Entity set

A relational database is

• One that consist of two or more tables
• A database that is able to process tables, queries, forms, reports and macros
• o   One that consists of two or more tables that are joined in some way
• The same as a flat file database

Database is a computerized representation of any organization’s flow of ______ and storage of

• _____.
• Data, information
• Details, data
• Data, details
• Information, data

In which stage of the database development process logical design is created?

• Requirement analysis
• Database design
• Physical design
• Implementation

Which of the following is NOT an entity?

• Employee
• Hobby
• Student
• Playground

After moving the determined columns from the original table to the new table while converting to 2NF, the determinate becomes the _______ of the new table.

• Primary key
• Foreign key
• Secondary key
• Composite key

The select operation works horizontally on the table, on the other hand the ___________

• operates on a single table vertically.
• Binary operator
• Project operator
• Join operator
• Select operator

Free standing data dictionary is created by

• DFD
• Database
• CASE tools
• Cross reference matrix

A patient can be an outdoor or indoor. Analyze this statement and tell what type of

• constraint will be applied on patient?
• Total completeness
• Partial completeness
• Total disjoint
• Partial disjoint

If A → B and A → C, then A → BC. The inference Rule applies is:

• Union
• Decomposition
  • o   Augmentation
• Reflexivity

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation of ERD?

• Entity relationship diagram
• Entity relation diagram
• Entity reality diagram
• Entity real distance

Database relation is also represented in a two dimensional structure called ____

• Row
• Table
• Entity
• Column

Data about data is metadata

• True
• False

Which of the following describes the job of a database administrator?

• Development, implementation operation of the physical database
• Creation of the system catalog
• Monitoring and controlling database security and authorization: setting up controls to ensure the quality and integrity of data
  • All of the above

Each table must have a _____ key.

• Primary
• Secondary
• Logical
• Foreign

A relational database system is based on the concept(s) of:

• A network of data records
• Nested tables
• Tables, row and columns
• A tree-like structure of data

A → BC and A → B, then A → C follow ______ inference rule.

• Augmentation
• Transitivity
• Projectivity
• Additivity

Suppose, we have two entities “shape” and “triangle”, then which of the following is a correct statement?

• Shape is a super type entity and triangle is a sub type entity
• Shape is a sub type entity and triangle is a super type entity
• Shape and triangle both are super type entities
• Shape and triangle both are sub type entities

The entity that is NOT dependent on any other entity for its existence is known as

• _______ entity.
• o   Weak
• Strong
• Derived
• Dependent

In cross reference matrix attributes are specified on ________

• X axis
• Y axis
• Z axis
• None of the above

Which of the following clarify the semantics of a relationship?

• Entity
• Roles
• Relationship set
• Participants

How many types of cardinality is specified about relationship?

• Two
• One
• Three
• Four

Which of the following is NOT a component of a DFD?

• Dataflow
• Datastore
• External entities
• Relationship between external entities

Which of the following provides us the facility to add properties of one entity to another entity automatically?

• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Dependencies

If there is more than one relationship between two entities and we mentioned role on the relationship link, then it is called:

• Unary relationship
• Binary relationships
• Ternary relationships
• Multiple relationships

Which one of the following is not an advantage of DBMS

• Data consistency
• Recovery procedure is difficult
• Faster development of new applications
• Better backup and recovery procedures

In many to many relationship a third table is created for the relationship, which is also called as ________

• Binary relation
• o   Associative entity type
• Unary relationship
• Composite attributes

When one entity instance of another entity for its existence, then it is called _____

• Existence dependency
• Identifier dependency
• Referential dependency
• Acceptance dependency

Relational data model is widely accepted due to its mathematically proven foundation and its _____

• Complexity
• Simplicity
• Hierarchical structure
• Traditional structure

If an entity “motor cycle” is associated with at most one “driver”, then the relationship between these two entities is:

• One to one
• One to many
• Many to many
• Many to one

Database application is a program which is used for performing certain operations such

• as
• Insertion of data
• Extraction of data
• Updating the data
• All of above

Creating the relationships between new tables and their predecessors through the use of foreign keys is general requirements of ________

• First normal form
• Second normal form
• Third normal form
• Fourth normal form

In ________ the domains of attributes of a relation are atomic, that is they consist of single units that cannot be broken down further.

• First normal form
• Second normal form
• Third normal form
• Augmentation

Atomicity is a feature of _________.

• 1NF
• 2NF
• 3NF
• BCNF

The ______ can see entire information structure of the database.

• o   BA
• DBTG
• Database user
• External viewer

The attribute whose value is not stored in a database is known as _________ attribute.

• Stored
• Single value
• Multi value
• Derived

_________ are the structure defined for placing data in the attributes while designing physical design of database.

• Objects
• Variables
• Attributes
• Data types

Suppose a relation has five columns and ten rows, select the correct option to identify cardinality of relation.

• Five
• Ten
• Fifteen
• Twenty

Which feature of database provides conversion from inconsistent state of DB to a consistent state ensuring minimum data loss?

• User accessible catalog
• Data processing
• Recovery service
• Authorization service

The maximum PL/SQL size of data type “VARCHAR2” in DBMS is __________ bytes

• 42767
• 52767
• 32767
• 28767

___________ is state of database where a “course” cannot be inserted in the table, because this course has not been registered to any “student”.

• Insertion anomaly
• Deletion anomaly
• Updation anomaly
• Redundancy

The maximum PL/SQL size of data type “BLOG” in DBMS is______

• 4 gigabytes
• 8 gigabytes
• 10 gigabytes
• 12 gigabytes

___________ states that in a relation no attributes of a primary key (PK) can have a null value.

• Referential integrity constraint
• Null constraint
• Domain constraint
• Entity integrity constraint

A database state where deletion of the information about the student record deletes the course information as well is called __________.

• Insertion anomaly
• Updation anomaly
• Redundancy
• Deletion anomaly

An entity type is

• Defined when the database is actually constructed
• A specific type such as an integer, text, date, logical etc.
• A coherent set of similar objects that we want to store data on (e.g. STUDENTS, COURSE, CAR)
• Defined by the database designer

“select” and “project” are the examples of ________

• Unary operation
• Binary operation
• Ternary operation
• Nary operation

External scheme evolves as user needs are _____ over the time.

• Ends
• Modified
• Switch
• Stable

An attribute that is the collection of some other attribute(s) is known as _______

• attributes.
• Multi-valued
• Single-valued
• No-valued
• Composite

Which of the following is correct regarding Dataflow diagram?

• Single DFD is required to represent a system
• The dataflow must be bidirectional
• Created at increasing levels of detail
• Used to represent the relationships among the external entities

________ are those attributes that are a combination of two or more than two attributes.

• Default value
• Null value
• Primary key
• o   Composite attributes

Controlling redundancy in a database management system DOES NOT help to

• avoid duplication
• avoid unnecessary wastage of storage space
• avoid unauthorized access to data
• avoid inconsistency among data

Which of the following concepts is applicable with respect to 3NF?

• Full functional dependency
• Any kind of dependency
• Transitive dependency
• Partial functional dependency

Identify the operation which is NOT one of the parts of the five basic set operations in relational algebra?

• Join
• Union
• Cartesian Product
• Set Difference

Making a change to the conceptual schema of a database but not affecting the existing external schemas is an example of

• Physical data independence.
• Concurrency control.
• Logical data independence.
• Functional dependency

For a third normal form we concentrate on relations with one ________ key, and we eliminate transitive dependencies

• Candidate
• Composite
• Super key
• Primary key

The entity relationship diagram is used to graphically represent the ______ database

• model.
• Condensed
• Physical
• Logical
• Conceptual

The _______ determines that the link between two entities is optional or mandatory.

• Maximum cardinality
• Minimum cardinality
• Maximum degree
• Minimum degree

Select the most appropriate statement. Which of the following data model is used to design logical database design?

• Relational
• Hierarchal
• o   bject oriented
• Any model can be used